Darjeeling History, Hidden Gems, Best Time to Visit and Photography

Darjeeling, often referred to as the Queen of the Hills, is a renowned hill station situated in the northeastern state of West Bengal, India. It is famous for its scenic beauty, lush tea gardens, and panoramic views of the Himalayas, including the majestic Kanchenjunga, the third-highest peak in the world. Heres an in-depth look at Darjeeling:

Overview

1. Location:
   • Altitude: Approximately 2,042 meters (6,700 feet) above sea level.
   • Geography: Nestled in the eastern Himalayas, Darjeeling is surrounded by lush green hills, dense forests, and terraced tea plantations.
2. Climate:
   • Summer (March to June): Pleasant with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F). Ideal for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
   • Monsoon (July to September): Heavy rainfall, which can lead to landslides and travel disruptions. The landscape becomes lush and green.
   • Winter (October to February): Cool and crisp with temperatures ranging from 5°C to 15°C (41°F to 59°F). Warm clothing is recommended.

History of Darjeeling

The history of Darjeeling is as rich and diverse as its landscapes. Nestled in the eastern Himalayas, Darjeeling has evolved from a modest trading post into one of Indias most beloved hill stations. Heres a detailed look at the historical development of Darjeeling:

Early History

1. Indigenous Communities:
   • Early Inhabitants: Before British colonization, the region was inhabited by indigenous communities such as the Lepchas, Bhutias, and Sherpas. They lived in relative isolation, engaged in agriculture and trade.
2. Mughal Era:
   • Limited Influence: During the Mughal Empire, the region was largely on the periphery of Mughal control. The area did not see significant Mughal influence but was part of the broader trade networks in the eastern Himalayas.

British Era

1. 19th Century Beginnings:
   • British Discovery: The British first became interested in Darjeeling in the early 19th century. The East India Company was looking for cooler areas to escape the oppressive heat of the plains, and Darjeelings altitude and climate made it an ideal location.
   • Land Acquisition: In 1828, the British acquired Darjeeling from the local Sikkimese ruler through a treaty. The acquisition was part of a larger effort to establish footholds in the region and facilitate trade.
2. Development as a Hill Station:
   • Establishment: In 1835, the British formally developed Darjeeling as a hill station. The first major development was the establishment of the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR), which began construction in 1879 and was completed in 1881. The narrow-gauge railway, often referred to as the Toy Train, played a crucial role in boosting tourism and providing access to the region.
   • Colonial Influence: During the British Raj, Darjeeling became a summer retreat for British officials and their families. The town saw the construction of numerous colonial-era buildings, schools, and churches, reflecting the British architectural and cultural influence.

Post-Independence Period

1. Indian Independence:
   • Transition: After India gained independence in 1947, Darjeeling continued to be a popular tourist destination. The towns status as a hill station and its scenic beauty remained its main attractions.
   • Political Developments: In the 1950s and 1960s, there were political movements advocating for greater autonomy for the Darjeeling region, particularly from the Gorkha community. This culminated in the establishment of the Gorkha Autonomous Council in 1988.
2. Gorkhaland Movement:
   • Struggles for Autonomy: The demand for a separate Gorkhaland state led to political unrest in the 1980s and 1990s. The Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF) and later the Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) led protests and strikes. The region saw periods of tension and unrest as local leaders and communities sought greater self-governance and recognition.
3. Modern Developments:
   • Tourism and Culture: Today, Darjeeling is a thriving tourist destination known for its tea gardens, scenic views, and colonial charm. The town continues to attract visitors from around the world who come to experience its unique blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage.

Key Historical Landmarks

1. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR):
   • Significance: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the DHR is one of the oldest and most scenic narrow-gauge railways in the world. It reflects the British colonial eras influence on the region.
2. Himalayan Mountaineering Institute (HMI):
   • Establishment: Founded in 1954, the institute is dedicated to mountaineering and was established to honor the legacy of the first successful Everest expedition led by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay.
3. Peace Pagoda:
   • Construction: Built in the 1970s by the Japanese Buddhist monk Nichidatsu Fujii, the Peace Pagoda symbolizes the regions peace and harmony.
4. Colonial Architecture:
   • Buildings: Many of Darjeelings buildings reflect its colonial past, including the Victoria Boys High School, St. Andrews Church, and the Raj Bhavan.

Cultural and Social Fabric

1. Diverse Community:
   • Ethnic Groups: Darjeeling is home to a diverse population, including Lepchas, Bhutias, Sherpas, and Gorkhas. This diversity is reflected in the towns festivals, languages, and cultural practices.
2. Cultural Heritage:
   • Festivals: Darjeeling celebrates a variety of cultural and religious festivals, including Dashain, Tihar, and Losar, which reflect the regions rich cultural tapestry.
3. Tea Industry:
   • Economic Impact: Darjeeling is renowned for its tea, often referred to as the Champagne of Teas. The tea industry has played a significant role in the regions economy and global reputation.

Darjeeling, with its scenic vistas, colonial charm, and cultural richness, offers a range of activities and attractions year-round. Heres a guide to the best time to visit, things to do, and attractions in Darjeeling:

Best Time to Visit Darjeeling

1. Summer (March to June):
   • Temperature: Pleasant, ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F).
   • Activities: Ideal for sightseeing, trekking, and exploring the towns attractions. The weather is comfortable and perfect for outdoor activities.
2. Monsoon (July to September):
   • Temperature: Warm, with heavy rainfall.
   • Considerations: While the lush greenery and misty landscapes are beautiful, heavy rains can lead to landslides and travel disruptions. If you dont mind the rain and are keen on seeing the landscapes in their lush green glory, this is a unique time to visit.
3. Autumn (October to November):
   • Temperature: Cool and pleasant, ranging from 5°C to 15°C (41°F to 59°F).
   • Activities: Excellent for sightseeing, trekking, and enjoying clear views of the Himalayas. The weather is crisp and comfortable.
4. Winter (December to February):
   • Temperature: Cold, with temperatures dropping to around 5°C (41°F) or lower.
   • Activities: Great for those who enjoy cooler weather and clear skies. Warm clothing is essential. Snow is rare but possible on higher altitudes.

Things to Do and Attractions at Darjeeling

1. Tiger Hill:
   • Description: Known for its breathtaking sunrise views over the Himalayas, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga.
   • Activities: Sunrise viewing, photography.
2. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR):
   • Description: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the narrow-gauge railway offers a scenic and nostalgic train ride between New Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling.
   • Activities: Train rides, photography.
3. Batasia Loop:
   • Description: A unique railway loop where the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway makes a complete circle. It offers panoramic views of the surrounding hills and the Kanchenjunga range.
   • Activities: Sightseeing, photography.
4. Himalayan Mountaineering Institute:
   • Description: Founded in 1954, the institute showcases the history of mountaineering and houses a museum with exhibits on famous expeditions.
   • Activities: Museum tours, learning about mountaineering.
5. Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park:
   • Description: Known for its conservation efforts, the park is home to endangered species like the red panda and snow leopard.
   • Activities: Wildlife viewing, photography.
6. Peace Pagoda:
   • Description: A Buddhist stupa built to promote world peace. It features beautiful statues of Buddha and offers panoramic views of Darjeeling.
   • Activities: Meditation, sightseeing.
7. Japanese Temple:
   • Description: A serene Buddhist temple surrounded by beautiful gardens.
   • Activities: Meditation, relaxation.
8. Darjeeling Mall (Chowrasta):
   • Description: A bustling market area in the heart of Darjeeling known for shopping, dining, and people-watching.
   • Activities: Shopping for local handicrafts, enjoying street food.
9. Tea Gardens:
   • Description: Darjeeling is famous for its tea estates. Visitors can explore tea gardens, learn about tea production, and enjoy tea-tasting sessions.
   • Activities: Tea estate tours, tea-tasting.
10. Himalayan Tibet Museum:
    • Description: A museum showcasing Tibetan culture and heritage, with exhibits on traditional artifacts and history.
    • Activities: Museum tours, learning about Tibetan culture.
11. Trekking and Nature Walks:
    • Popular Trails: Sandakphu, Phalut, and the trek to the Singalila Ridge offer stunning views of the Himalayas and varied flora and fauna.
    • Activities: Trekking, nature walks, and exploring scenic landscapes.
12. Lebong Race Course:
    • Description: One of the oldest race courses in India, located a short distance from Darjeeling.
    • Activities: Horse racing and enjoying views of the surrounding area.

Tips for Visiting Darjeeling

1. Travel Light: Pack layers of clothing to adapt to changing weather conditions, especially if traveling across seasons.
2. Health Precautions: Be mindful of altitude sickness; stay hydrated and avoid overexertion.
3. Local Cuisine: Dont miss out on trying local delicacies like momos, thukpa, and traditional Darjeeling tea.
4. Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of cultural norms and practices, especially when visiting religious sites.

Adventures in Darjeeling

• Trekking:
  • Sandakphu Trek: A popular trekking route that offers stunning views of the Kanchenjunga and Everest ranges.
  • Tiger Hill Trek: Trek to Tiger Hill early in the morning to catch the breathtaking sunrise over the Himalayas.
• Toy Train Ride: Experience the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The scenic train ride from Darjeeling to Ghum offers stunning views of the hills and tea gardens.
• Tea Garden Tours: Visit the famous tea estates like Happy Valley Tea Estate to learn about tea production and sample various types of tea.
• Visit Monasteries: Explore the serene Ghoom Monastery and Bhutia Busty Monastery, which offer a glimpse into Tibetan Buddhism and beautiful architecture.
• Adventure Sports: Try activities like paragliding or rock climbing in designated areas.

Budgeting for Darjeeling

• Transportation:
  • From Bagdogra: Taxis cost around INR 2000-3000, while shared jeeps are approximately INR 500-600.
  • Local Transport: Auto-rickshaws and local taxis are available, costing around INR 50-200 for short trips.
• Food: Meals at local restaurants typically range from INR 150-600 per person. Fine dining may go up to INR 800-1200.
• Activities: The toy train ride costs approximately INR 50-100, depending on the class of travel. Entry fees to parks and monasteries are usually around INR 20-50.

Packing Items for Darjeeling

• Clothing: Layered clothing is essential, as temperatures can vary throughout the day. Warm jackets, sweaters, and scarves are advisable, especially for early morning outings.
• Footwear: Comfortable walking shoes or trekking boots for exploring hilly terrain.
• Accessories: Sunglasses, hats, and sunscreen for daytime activities. A small backpack for day trips can be handy.
• Water Bottles: Stay hydrated while exploring.
• Personal Items: Carry a first aid kit, any necessary medications, and toiletries.

 Hidden Gems at Darjeeling

• Batasia Loop: A beautiful spiral railway track that offers panoramic views of the surrounding hills and a lovely garden.
• Aloobari Monastery: A lesser-known monastery that provides a peaceful atmosphere and stunning views of the mountains.
• Tukvar Tea Estate: Visit this less touristy tea estate for a quiet stroll through tea gardens and a chance to learn about tea production without large crowds.

Photography in Darjeeling

1. Scenic Spots:
   • Tiger Hill: Best visited early in the morning for sunrise shots of the Himalayas, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga.
   • Batasia Loop: Ideal for capturing the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway and the surrounding landscape.
   • Peace Pagoda: Great for both panoramic views of Darjeeling and close-ups of the Buddha statues.
   • Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park: Captures of endangered animals like the red panda and snow leopard (note that some animals might be elusive).
2. Guidelines:
   • Respect Privacy: Always ask for permission before photographing people, especially in local markets or religious sites.
   • Avoid Flash: In wildlife parks and some indoor settings, avoid using flash as it can disturb animals or damage artifacts.
   • Keep it Clean: Follow local rules and regulations regarding photography, especially in protected areas.

Entry Fees for Darjeeling

1. Tiger Hill: Generally, there is no entry fee for viewing the sunrise. However, you might need to pay for transportation and guides.
2. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR): Ticket prices vary based on the class and type of train. Prices can range from around ?200 to ?3,000 or more for a seat.
3. Batasia Loop: Entry is generally free, but there may be a small charge for parking.
4. Himalayan Mountaineering Institute: Entry to the museum is typically around ?30-?50.
5. Peace Pagoda: No entry fee, though donations are appreciated.
6. Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park: Entry fee is approximately ?20-?30 for adults and lower for children.
7. Japanese Temple: No entry fee, but donations are welcome.
8. Himalayan Tibet Museum: Entry fees are usually nominal, around ?20-?30.

Safety Tips for Darjeeling

1. Weather Awareness: Be prepared for sudden weather changes. Carry layers of clothing and rain gear, especially during the monsoon season.
2. Altitude Sickness: Darjeeling is at a high altitude. Stay hydrated, avoid strenuous activities for the first day, and acclimatize slowly.
3. Road Safety: Roads can be narrow and winding. If youre driving, proceed with caution. Hiring a local driver is often a safer option.
4. Health Precautions: Drink bottled or purified water to avoid waterborne illnesses. Avoid eating uncooked food from street vendors.
5. Local Customs: Respect local customs and practices, particularly when visiting religious or cultural sites.
6. Wildlife Interaction: At wildlife parks and natural reserves, avoid feeding or disturbing animals. Follow the parks rules and guidelines.

Famous Food at Darjeeling

1. Momos:
   • Description: Tibetan-style dumplings filled with vegetables, chicken, or pork. They are steamed or fried and served with spicy chutneys.
   • Where to Try: Many local eateries and street vendors.
2. Thukpa:
   • Description: A Tibetan noodle soup that can be made with meat or vegetables. Its flavorful and often enjoyed with various condiments.
   • Where to Try: Tibetan and Nepali restaurants.
3. Churpee:
   • Description: Traditional Tibetan cheese made from yak milk. Its hard and can be chewed or used in cooking.
   • Where to Try: Specialty stores or Tibetan restaurants.
4. Darjeeling Tea:
   • Description: Renowned for its distinct aroma and flavor, Darjeeling tea is available in various types like black, green, and oolong.
   • Where to Try: Tea estates, local tea shops, and cafes.
5. Kachori:
   • Description: Deep-fried pastries stuffed with spicy lentils or peas. Its a popular snack in Darjeeling.
   • Where to Try: Local bakeries and street food vendors.
6. Gundruk:
   • Description: A fermented leafy green vegetable, often served as a side dish or in soups.
   • Where to Try: Traditional Nepali or local restaurants.
7. Tibetan Noodles:
   • Description: Often served stir-fried with vegetables and sometimes meat. Its a staple in Tibetan cuisine.
   • Where to Try: Tibetan restaurants and local eateries.
8. Aloo Dum:
   • Description: A spicy potato curry that is popular in Nepali cuisine.
   • Where to Try: Local Nepali restaurants.

   Restaurants at Darjeeling

   Vegan and Vegetarian Restaurants

   • Himalayan Java Coffee: Offers a variety of vegetarian and vegan options along with great coffee.
   • The Bakery: Known for its bakery items and vegetarian menu, perfect for breakfast or a light meal.
   • Dekeva Restaurant: Serves a range of vegetarian dishes, including local specialties.

   Non-Vegetarian Restaurants

   • Glenary: A popular multi-cuisine restaurant offering a variety of non-vegetarian dishes, including local Tibetan fare.
   • Kunga Restaurant: Known for its Tibetan and Nepali cuisine, including momos and thukpa.