Western Ghats History, Hidden Gems, Best Time to Visit and Photography

The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri Hills, are a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of India. They stretch from the northern part of Gujarat to the southern tip of Tamil Nadu, covering approximately 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) and spanning six states: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. Heres a comprehensive description of the Western Ghats:

Geography and Topography:

• Mountain Range: The Western Ghats form a continuous chain of mountains, acting as a barrier between the coastal plains and the Deccan Plateau. They rise to elevations of over 2,600 meters (8,600 feet) in some places.
• Elevation: The highest peak in the Western Ghats is Anamudi, located in Kerala, which reaches an elevation of 2,695 meters (8,808 feet).
• Climate: The region experiences a range of climates, from tropical along the coastal areas to temperate at higher elevations. The Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall during the monsoon season (June to September), contributing to lush vegetation.

Biodiversity:

• Flora: The Western Ghats are renowned for their rich biodiversity and are home to numerous species of plants, including several endemic and endangered species. The forests include tropical evergreen, semi-evergreen, and deciduous types.
• Fauna: The region is inhabited by a diverse array of wildlife, including:
  • Mammals: Elephants, tigers, leopards, gaurs (Indian bison), and various species of deer.
  • Birds: Several endemic and migratory bird species, including the Malabar grey hornbill and the Nilgiri tahr.
  • Reptiles and Amphibians: The Western Ghats are home to unique reptiles and amphibians, including various species of frogs and the king cobra.

Ecological Significance:

• Biodiversity Hotspot: The Western Ghats are one of the worlds eight hottest hotspots of biological diversity, a designation given to regions with high levels of endemic species and significant threat levels.
• Ecosystem Services: The region plays a crucial role in regulating the climate, water cycle, and supporting agriculture. The Ghats act as a catchment for many major rivers in southern India, including the Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri.

Cultural and Historical Aspects of Western Ghats:

• Tribal Communities: The Western Ghats are home to various indigenous tribal communities, each with their own unique cultures and traditions.
• Historical Sites: The region includes several historical sites and fortresses, such as the ancient forts of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Maharashtra and the palaces and temples in Karnataka and Kerala.

Tourism and Attractions:

• Hill Stations: The Western Ghats are known for their scenic hill stations, which are popular tourist destinations. Notable ones include:
  • Munnar (Kerala): Known for its tea plantations and scenic beauty.
  • Ooty (Tamil Nadu): Famous for its botanical gardens and Nilgiri Mountain Railway.
  • Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra): Known for its strawberry farms and panoramic viewpoints.
• Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks: The Western Ghats host numerous protected areas, including:
  • Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala): Known for its elephant populations and scenic lake.
  • Bandipur National Park (Karnataka): Part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, known for its tiger and elephant populations.
  • Silent Valley National Park (Kerala): A pristine area of tropical rainforest with unique flora and fauna.
• Trekking and Hiking: The Ghats offer numerous trekking trails and hiking opportunities, such as the treks to the highest peaks like Anamudi and the scenic trails through the lush forests.

Conservation Efforts:

• Threats: The Western Ghats face several environmental threats, including deforestation, habitat loss, and climate change. Human activities such as logging, agriculture, and urbanization have impacted the regions biodiversity.
• Conservation Initiatives: Various conservation efforts are in place to protect and preserve the Western Ghats. These include the establishment of wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and conservation programs aimed at protecting endangered species and habitats.

Unique Features:

• Monsoon Rainfall: The Western Ghats influence the Indian monsoon and are crucial in receiving and redistributing rainfall to the surrounding regions.
• Geological Significance: The Ghats are one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world, dating back to the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana around 150 million years ago.

Best Time to Visit the Western Ghats

• Monsoon Season (June to September):
• Winter Season (October to February):
• Summer Season (March to May):
• Munnar (Kerala):
• Ooty (Tamil Nadu):
• Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra):
• Coorg (Karnataka):
• Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala):
• Bandipur National Park (Karnataka):
• Silent Valley National Park (Kerala):
• Trekking Trails:
• Hiking and Nature Walks:

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  • Pros: The Western Ghats are lush and vibrant during the monsoon. Waterfalls are at their peak, and the landscapes are green and rejuvenated.
  • Cons: Heavy rains can cause landslides and travel disruptions. Some trekking routes and roads may be inaccessible due to flooding.

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  • Pros: This is one of the best times to visit. The weather is pleasant, with cooler temperatures and less humidity. Ideal for sightseeing, trekking, and outdoor activities.
  • Cons: Popular hill stations may be crowded during peak tourist season.

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  • Pros: While temperatures in the plains can be high, the Western Ghats offer a cool retreat. This is a good time for sightseeing and enjoying the hill stations.
  • Cons: It can get quite hot in the lower altitudes, so higher elevations are preferable.

Things to Do and Attractions in the Western Ghats

1. Hill Stations:

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  • Activities: Visit tea plantations, explore Eravikulam National Park, and enjoy boat rides on the Mattupetty Dam.
  • Attractions: Tea Museum, Anamudi Peak, Attukal Waterfalls.

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  • Activities: Ride the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, explore botanical gardens, and enjoy boating on Ooty Lake.
  • Attractions: Rose Garden, Doddabetta Peak, and the Government Botanical Garden.

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  • Activities: Visit strawberry farms, explore viewpoints, and take boat rides on Venna Lake.
  • Attractions: Arthurs Seat, Pratapgad Fort, and Mapro Garden.

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  • Activities: Visit coffee plantations, explore waterfalls, and go trekking.
  • Attractions: Abbey Falls, Dubare Elephant Camp, and Rajas Seat.

2. Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks:

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  • Activities: Take a boat ride on Periyar Lake, go on wildlife safaris, and visit the spice plantations.
  • Attractions: Elephant sightings, Periyar Tiger Reserve, and guided jungle treks.

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  • Activities: Go on jeep safaris to spot tigers, elephants, and other wildlife.
  • Attractions: Rich biodiversity, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, and scenic landscapes.

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  • Activities: Explore the untouched rainforests, go on guided treks, and spot endemic species.
  • Attractions: Pristine rainforest, unique flora and fauna, and rich biodiversity.

3. Trekking and Hiking:

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  • Rajmachi Trek (Maharashtra): A popular trek with stunning views and ancient fortifications.
  • Meghamalai Trek (Tamil Nadu): Offers breathtaking views and diverse flora and fauna.
  • Kudremukh Trek (Karnataka): Known for its lush green meadows and panoramic views.

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  • Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers (Uttarakhand): Explore the Valley of Flowers and the high-altitude meadows.
  • Brahmagiri Hills (Kerala): Enjoy hikes through coffee plantations and dense forests.

4. Scenic Drives and Nature Spots:

• Sela Pass (Arunachal Pradesh): Offers stunning views of the surrounding snow-capped peaks.
• Wayanad (Kerala): Explore waterfalls like Soochipara and Meenmutty, and enjoy the scenic beauty of the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Chikmagalur (Karnataka): Known for its coffee plantations, scenic hills, and serene landscapes.

5. Cultural and Historical Sites:

• Pune (Maharashtra): Visit historical forts and experience the rich cultural heritage of the region.
• Hampi (Karnataka): Explore the ancient ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire.
• Mysore (Karnataka): Visit Mysore Palace and explore the rich cultural heritage of the city.

Travel Tips:

• Accommodation: Book in advance, especially during peak tourist seasons. There are a variety of options ranging from luxury resorts to budget hotels and homestays.
• Health Precautions: Carry essential medications, especially if you are traveling to high altitudes or if you have specific health conditions.
• Local Cuisine: Try local specialties in each region. For example, enjoy fresh seafood in Kerala, traditional Maharashtrian dishes in Maharashtra, and spicy Coorgi cuisine in Karnataka.
• Weather Preparedness: Pack appropriate clothing based on the weather. Even in summer, higher altitudes can be cool, so layering is advisable.

Adventures at Western Ghats

1. Trekking and Hiking:
   • Dudhsagar Falls Trek: A popular trek through the lush forests to one of India is tallest waterfalls.
   • Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary: Offers several trails with opportunities to spot wildlife.
   • Tambdi Surla Waterfall: A moderate trek that leads to a beautiful waterfall.
2. Water Sports:
   • Kayaking: Experience the serene backwaters and mangroves.
   • White Water Rafting: At the Mhadei River, ideal for adventure enthusiasts.
3. Bird Watching: The Western Ghats are home to a rich variety of bird species, perfect for bird watchers.
4. Nature Walks: Explore the biodiversity with guided nature walks through the forests.

Budget for Western Ghats

• Travel: Costs will vary based on your mode of transport (local buses, rental bikes, or taxis).
• Food: Local eateries offer meals for around ?100-300 per person, while mid-range restaurants can range from ?400-800.
• Accommodation: Expect to spend ?1,000-3,000 per night for affordable hotels and ?3,000-10,000 for luxury stays.

Packing Items for Western Ghats

1. Clothing:
   • Lightweight, breathable clothing for day hikes.
   • A light rain jacket (especially in monsoon).
   • Comfortable trekking shoes.
   • Swimwear for water activities.
2. Essentials:
   • Sunscreen and insect repellent.
   • Reusable water bottle.
   • First aid kit.
   • Power bank for charging devices.
3. Hiking Gear:
   • A sturdy backpack.
   • Trekking poles (if necessary).

Hidden Gems at Western Ghats

1. Bambolim Beach: A quieter alternative to the more touristy beaches.
2. Keri Beach (Querim Beach): Less commercialized and surrounded by natural beauty.
3. Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary: Home to a variety of flora and fauna, ideal for a day trip.

Photography atWestern Ghats

• Permitted Areas: Photography is generally allowed in most outdoor areas, including hill stations, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries. However, inside certain facilities like temples, religious sites, or specific areas within wildlife sanctuaries, photography might be restricted.
• Tips:
  • Respect Restrictions: Always check and respect local rules about photography, especially in sacred places or during wildlife safaris.
  • Natural Light: Early mornings and late afternoons offer the best natural light for landscape photography. The soft light enhances colors and reduces harsh shadows.
  • Wildlife Photography: Use a telephoto lens to capture wildlife from a distance without disturbing them. Ensure that you follow guidelines for wildlife photography to minimize impact on animals.

Entry Fees for Western Ghats

• National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries:
  • Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary (Kerala): Entry fees are generally around INR 25 for Indians and INR 200 for foreign tourists. Additional fees may apply for guided tours and boat rides.
  • Bandipur National Park (Karnataka): Entry fees are approximately INR 50 for Indians and INR 500 for foreign tourists. Safari rides are available at additional costs.
  • Silent Valley National Park (Kerala): Entry fees are about INR 50 for Indians and INR 300 for foreign tourists. There may be additional charges for guided treks.
• Hill Stations and Scenic Areas:
  • Munnar (Kerala): Entry fees to certain attractions like tea museums or protected areas can range from INR 50 to INR 100.
  • Ooty (Tamil Nadu): Attractions like the Botanical Gardens or the Nilgiri Mountain Railway have nominal entry fees, typically ranging from INR 20 to INR 100.
  • Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra): Entry fees to certain viewpoints or gardens are generally minimal, around INR 20 to INR 50.

Safety Tips for Western Ghats

1. Weather Conditions:
   • Rain Gear: Carry rain gear if visiting during the monsoon season as heavy rains are common.
   • Warm Clothing: If traveling to higher altitudes, pack warm clothing, even in summer, as temperatures can drop.
2. Health Precautions:
   • Altitude Sickness: If visiting high-altitude areas, allow time for acclimatization and stay hydrated.
   • Local Medicine: Carry any necessary medications, especially if you have specific health conditions.
3. Wildlife Safety:
   • Maintain Distance: Always maintain a safe distance from wildlife. Follow guidelines provided by wildlife sanctuary authorities.
   • Avoid Feeding Animals: Do not feed or disturb wildlife. It can alter their natural behavior and pose risks to both animals and humans.
4. Travel Safety:
   • Road Conditions: Be cautious on hilly and winding roads. Ensure your vehicle is in good condition and drive carefully.
   • Emergency Contacts: Keep emergency contact numbers handy and be aware of local emergency services.
5. Environmental Respect:
   • Waste Management: Carry your trash with you and dispose of it properly. Avoid littering in natural areas.
   • Respect Local Customs: Follow local customs and respect cultural norms, especially in tribal and rural areas.

Famous Food in the Western Ghats

• Kerala:
  • Appam with Stew: Fermented rice pancakes served with a coconut-based vegetable or meat stew.
  • Puttu and Kadala Curry: Steamed rice cakes served with a spicy black chickpea curry.
  • Fish Curry: Kerala-style fish curry with coconut and spices.
• Karnataka:
  • Coorgi Pork: Spicy and aromatic pork dish from Coorg, cooked with local spices.
  • Bisi Bele Bath: A spicy rice and lentil dish with vegetables, often served with a side of raita.
  • Mysore Pak: A sweet dessert made from gram flour, ghee, and sugar.
• Tamil Nadu:
  • Vadai: Savory lentil fritters often enjoyed with coconut chutney.
  • Sambhar: A spicy lentil stew with vegetables, typically served with rice or dosa.
  • Filter Coffee: A strong coffee brewed using traditional South Indian methods.
• Maharashtra:
  • Puran Poli: A sweet flatbread stuffed with a mixture of jaggery and chana dal (split chickpeas).
  • Misal Pav: A spicy curry made from sprouted beans, served with bread rolls.
  • Bhakri: A type of flatbread made from coarse grains, often served with vegetables or curries.

Restaurants at Western Ghat

Vegan & Vegetarian:

1. Gunpowder (Assagao): Known for its regional dishes and vegetarian options.
2. Cafe Alchemia (Nashik): Offers a variety of vegan dishes and healthy options.

Non-Vegetarian:

1. Martin Corner (Betalbatim): Renowned for its seafood and Goan specialties.
2. Fisherman Wharf (Cavelossim): Offers a wide variety of fish and local Goan dishes.