Shillong History, Hidden Gems, Best Time to Visit and Photography

Shillong, often referred to as the Scotland of the East, is the capital city of the Indian state of Meghalaya. Nestled in the northeastern part of India, Shillong is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, pleasant climate, and vibrant culture. Heres a detailed description of Shillong:

Geography and Climate

• Location: Shillong is situated at an altitude of approximately 1,525 meters (5,003 feet) above sea level in the Khasi Hills, part of the Eastern Ghats.
• Climate: The city experiences a subtropical highland climate with mild temperatures throughout the year. Summers are pleasantly cool, while winters are chilly but not extreme. Monsoon season brings heavy rainfall, contributing to the lush greenery of the region.

Natural Beauty and Attractions

• Scenic Landscapes: Shillong is surrounded by picturesque landscapes, including rolling hills, lush valleys, and pristine lakes. The citys elevation and terrain contribute to its scenic charm.
• Umiam Lake: Located about 15 kilometers from Shillong, Umiam Lake (also known as Bara Pani) is a large reservoir surrounded by hills and offers boating and water sports.
• Elephant Falls: A popular waterfall located around 12 kilometers from Shillong, Elephant Falls is known for its picturesque cascades and serene surroundings.
• Shillong Peak: The highest point in Shillong, Shillong Peak offers panoramic views of the city and the surrounding hills. Its a popular spot for visitors seeking stunning vistas.

Wards Lake: A charming artificial lake located in the heart of the city, Wards Lake is surrounded by well-maintained gardens and is ideal for a leisurely stroll or a boat ride.

History of Shillong

Shillong, the capital city of Meghalaya, has a rich and varied history that reflects its unique geographical location, cultural heritage, and colonial influences. Heres a detailed look at the history of Shillong:

Early History and Indigenous Peoples

• Indigenous Tribes: Shillong has been historically inhabited by the Khasi, Jaintia, and Naga tribes. These indigenous communities have a deep cultural and historical connection to the land, with the Khasis being the most prominent tribe in the Shillong region.
• Traditional Settlements: Prior to colonial influence, the region was known for its traditional tribal settlements and was governed by local chieftains. The Khasis had a well-established system of matrilineal inheritance and community governance.

Colonial Era

• British Arrival: The British East India Company arrived in the northeastern region of India in the early 19th century. Shillong began to emerge as a significant area of interest during the British colonial period.
• Establishment as a Hill Station: In 1864, Shillong was officially designated as a hill station by the British colonial administration. It was chosen for its favorable climate and scenic beauty, making it an ideal retreat for British officials and expatriates from the plains.
• Development: During the colonial period, Shillong was developed with British-style infrastructure, including administrative buildings, schools, and clubs. The citys layout and some of its architecture reflect this influence.

Post-Independence Era

• Formation of Meghalaya: After India gained independence in 1947, Shillong became part of the newly formed state of Assam. However, the desire for greater autonomy and recognition of the distinct identity of the tribal communities led to the creation of the state of Meghalaya.
• Statehood: Meghalaya was officially established as a separate state on January 21, 1972. Shillong was chosen as the capital of the new state due to its historical significance and strategic location.

Modern Development

• Economic and Cultural Hub: Since becoming the capital of Meghalaya, Shillong has developed into an important administrative, educational, and cultural center. The city is known for its vibrant music scene, cultural festivals, and educational institutions.
• Tourism: Shillong has grown as a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors with its scenic landscapes, pleasant climate, and rich cultural heritage. Attractions such as Umiam Lake, Elephant Falls, and Shillong Peak have become key highlights for tourists.

Recent History and Challenges

• Urbanization: Like many growing cities, Shillong has faced challenges related to urbanization, including infrastructure development and managing population growth. Efforts are ongoing to balance development with environmental and cultural preservation.
• Cultural Revival: In recent years, there has been a renewed focus on preserving and promoting the rich cultural heritage of Shillong and Meghalaya. Festivals, traditional arts, and crafts are actively celebrated and supported.

Cultural Legacy

• Heritage Sites: Shillongs history is reflected in its heritage sites, including colonial-era buildings, traditional tribal artifacts, and local museums that document the citys diverse past.
• Festivals: Shillongs cultural calendar features various festivals, including the Cherry Blossom Festival, which highlights the citys unique natural beauty and cultural vibrancy.

Best Time to Visit Shillong

1. Spring (March to May): Spring offers mild temperatures and blooming flowers. Its an ideal time for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
2. Summer (June to August): Summer is relatively cool compared to other parts of India, making it a comfortable time to visit. However, be prepared for the monsoon rains, which can be heavy.
3. Autumn (September to November): This period is one of the best times to visit, with clear skies, moderate temperatures, and less rainfall.
4. Winter (December to February): Winter is cool and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 8°C to 15°C (46°F to 59°F). Its a good time for enjoying the citys outdoor attractions.

Things to Do at Shillong

1. Explore the Natural Beauty:
   • Umiam Lake: Enjoy boating and take in the scenic views of this large reservoir surrounded by hills.
   • Elephant Falls: Visit this popular waterfall, known for its picturesque setting and cascading water.
   • Shillong Peak: Hike or drive up to Shillong Peak for panoramic views of the city and surrounding hills.
2. Visit Cultural and Historical Sites:
   • Don Bosco Centre for Indigenous Cultures: Explore this museum to learn about the diverse tribal cultures of Northeast India.
   • Shillong Cathedral: Admire the architecture and tranquility of this beautiful cathedral, which is one of the oldest in the region.
3. Stroll Through Local Markets:
   • Police Bazaar: Experience the vibrant market atmosphere, shop for local handicrafts, textiles, and souvenirs, and try some local street food.
4. Enjoy Local Cuisine:
   • Sample Khasi Dishes: Try traditional Khasi dishes such as Jadoh (a rice and meat dish), Tungrymbai (fermented soybeans), and various pickles and stews.
   • Local Cafés and Restaurants: Explore dining options that offer both traditional and contemporary dishes.
5. Hiking and Nature Walks:
   • David Scott Trail: Trek along this historic trail for a blend of natural beauty and historical significance.
   • Mawlynnong Village: A day trip to this nearby village, known as one of the cleanest in Asia, offers a chance to explore traditional Khasi village life.

Attractions at Shillong

1. Wards Lake: Enjoy a leisurely boat ride or stroll around this charming artificial lake situated in the heart of Shillong.
2. Laitlum Canyons: Visit these dramatic canyons for breathtaking views and an adventurous hike.
3. Lady Hydari Park: A well-maintained park with lush gardens, a mini-zoo, and a playground, ideal for families and nature enthusiasts.
4. Mawlynnong: This village, located about 90 kilometers (56 miles) from Shillong, is known for its cleanliness, scenic beauty, and living root bridges.
5. Shillong Golf Course: One of the oldest golf courses in Asia, offering a scenic and challenging course for golf enthusiasts.
6. Cherapunjee (Sohra): Although a bit of a drive from Shillong, its worth visiting for its living root bridges and stunning waterfalls, including Nohkalikai Falls.

Additional Tips

• Travel: Rent a taxi or hire a local guide for easier navigation around Shillong and its surrounding attractions.
• Weather Preparation: Carry rain gear if visiting during the monsoon season, and dress in layers during winter months.

Local Etiquette: Respect local customs and traditions, especially when visiting tribal areas or attending cultural events.

Adventure in Shillong, East Khasi Hills:

• Trekking: Explore the David Scott Trail, one of the oldest trekking routes in Meghalaya. The trail passes through lush forests, streams, and waterfalls.
• Caving: Visit the Mawsmai Cave for an exciting adventure of exploring limestone formations. Other popular caves include Mawjymbuin Cave and Siju Cave.
• Waterfall Visits: Shillong has beautiful waterfalls like Elephant Falls, Spread Eagle Falls, and Sweet Falls, perfect for nature lovers.
• Boating at Umiam Lake: Enjoy a peaceful boating or kayaking experience on the crystal-clear waters of Umiam Lake.
• Rock Climbing: The East Khasi Hills offer excellent spots for rock climbing and rappelling, with expert guides available for adventure seekers.
• Zip-lining: Zip across the valleys and dense forests in Mawkdok Dympep Valley for a thrilling experience.

Budget for Shillong:

• Transportation: Shillong is connected by buses from Guwahati, with tickets ranging from ?300 to ?500. Taxis from Guwahati cost around ?2,500-?3,500.
• Accommodation: Affordable hotels range from ?1,500 to ?3,000 per night, while luxury hotels can go up to ?10,000 or more.
• Food: Meals at affordable restaurants cost around ?200-?500, while fine dining in luxury hotels may range from ?1,000 to ?2,000 per meal.

Packing Items for Shillong:

• Clothing: Warm clothing as Shillong weather is often cool, especially in the evenings. Comfortable walking shoes, rain jacket or umbrella, and a hat.
• Essentials: Sunscreen, insect repellent, flashlight, and a portable charger for your devices.
• Adventure Gear: Hiking shoes, trekking poles, water bottles, and a small backpack for day trips.
• Medical: Basic first-aid kit, altitude sickness pills (if needed), and any personal medication.

Hidden Gems at Shillong:

• Laitlum Canyon: A breathtaking viewpoint offering panoramic views of the East Khasi Hills, perfect for peaceful treks.
• Smit Village: A traditional Khasi village, where you can experience the indigenous culture, architecture, and lifestyle.
• Mawlynnong Village: Known as the cleanest village in Asia, it offers a peaceful atmosphere and stunning views from the Sky Walk, a bamboo structure.
• Nohwet Living Root Bridge: Less touristy than other living root bridges, this hidden spot offers a unique glimpse into the Khasi people ingenuity.

Photography at Shillong

• Allowed: Photography is generally allowed in most public areas and attractions in Shillong. However, always check for specific restrictions at individual sites, especially in religious or cultural places where photography might be restricted.
• Respect Rules: Avoid using flash in sensitive areas such as inside churches or museums. Respect any signage indicating restricted areas for photography.
• Capture Scenery: Take advantage of Shillongs stunning landscapes, such as Umiam Lake, Elephant Falls, and Shillong Peak. The natural beauty and panoramic views make for great photo opportunities.
• Local Culture: When photographing people, especially in rural areas or tribal communities, always ask for permission first to ensure respect for local customs.

Entry Fee for Shillong

• General Sites: Many natural attractions, such as Elephant Falls and Shillong Peak, do not have an entry fee or have minimal charges for maintenance.
• Museums and Parks:
  • Don Bosco Centre for Indigenous Cultures: Typically has an entry fee, which is used for maintaining the exhibits and facilities.
  • Lady Hydari Park: May charge a nominal entry fee.
  • Wards Lake: Usually has a small entry fee, especially if you wish to rent a boat.
• Special Attractions: Fees for attractions like Mawlynnong Village or certain tourist sites might vary. Its a good idea to check in advance or ask locally for current fees.

Safety Tips for Shillong

• Weather Awareness: Shillong experiences heavy rainfall during the monsoon season. Be cautious of slippery roads and trails, and carry appropriate rain gear.
• Travel Safely: Use reputable transportation services and avoid traveling alone in remote areas, especially at night.
• Health Precautions: Carry basic medicines for common ailments, as well as any specific medications you might need. Ensure you drink bottled or purified water.
• Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local customs and traditions, especially when visiting tribal areas or attending cultural events.
• Secure Belongings: Keep your belongings secure, particularly in crowded areas like markets or during travel.

Famous Food at Shillong

• Traditional Khasi Cuisine:
  • Jadoh: A flavorful rice dish cooked with meat (usually pork) and spices, often enjoyed with side dishes like pickles and chutneys.
  • Tungrymbai: A fermented soybean dish with a distinctive taste, typically cooked with pork or vegetables.
  • Dohneiiong: A spicy pork dish cooked with black sesame seeds, a local delicacy.
  • Pork with Bamboo Shoot: A popular dish made with tender pork and bamboo shoots, giving it a unique flavor.
• Street Food and Snacks:
  • Khao Suey: A noodle soup with a rich, spicy coconut-based curry, often garnished with a variety of condiments.
  • Momos: Tibetan-style dumplings filled with meat or vegetables, served with spicy chutney.
  • Chowmein: Stir-fried noodles, a common snack or meal option available in various flavors and styles.
• Local Delicacies:
  • Cherry Blossom Cake: A sweet treat inspired by the cherry blossom season, available in local bakeries.
  • Shillongs Coffee: Enjoy a cup of locally brewed coffee, which is known for its strong flavor and quality.
• Popular Eateries:
  • City Hut Family Dhaba: Known for its hearty and flavorful local dishes.
  • Cafe Shillong: Offers a variety of local and continental dishes in a cozy setting.
  • Lamee Restaurant: Famous for its traditional Khasi cuisine and warm ambiance.

Restaurants at Shillong:

• Vegan & Vegetarian:
  • Cafe Shillong: Known for its vegan and vegetarian-friendly dishes, with a mix of local and continental options.
  • Eee Cee Restaurant: Offers traditional vegetarian North Eastern and Indian dishes.
  • Dylan Cafe: A vegetarian-friendly cafe offering continental dishes and great coffee.
• Non-Vegetarian:
  • Trattoria: Famous for its Khasi cuisine, especially pork-based dishes like Jadoh and Dohneiiong.
  • City Hut Family Dhaba: Offers a mix of North Indian and local delicacies, with good options for non-veg lovers.
  • ML05 Cafe: Known for its burgers, steaks, and a wide variety of meat-based dishes.