Khajuraho temple History, Hidden Gems, Best Time to Visit and Photography

The Khajuraho Temples are a remarkable group of temples located in Khajuraho, a small town in the Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh, India. These temples are known for their stunning architecture, intricate sculptures, and artistic splendor, reflecting the grandeur of ancient Indian culture and architecture. Built between the 9th and 12th centuries by the Chandela dynasty, the temples represent a blend of Hindu and Jain traditions.

Key Features of the Khajuraho Temples:

1. Architectural Grandeur:
   • The temples of Khajuraho are renowned for their exceptional architectural design. Constructed mainly using sandstone, the temples exhibit finely crafted carvings, towering spires, and detailed sculptures that make them a masterpiece of Indian medieval architecture.
   • The temples are designed in the Nagara style of architecture, which is characterized by curvilinear towers and beautifully sculpted walls. The height of the temples and the grandeur of the intricately carved structures make them stand out as one of the finest examples of temple architecture.
2. Erotic Sculptures:
   • One of the most distinctive features of the Khajuraho temples is the erotic sculptures that adorn many of the temple walls. These sculptures, which depict human figures in various postures of sensuality, have sparked much intrigue and interpretation. They are believed to represent the celebration of life, love, fertility, and the interconnectedness of the physical and spiritual realms.
   • While the erotic carvings are a prominent feature, the temples also feature a wide range of sculptures depicting mythological scenes, divine beings, animals, and daily life, making the artwork rich in cultural significance.
3. Religious Diversity:
   • The Khajuraho complex is a religious melting pot, featuring temples dedicated to both Hinduism and Jainism. There are Hindu temples that are primarily devoted to gods such as Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahma, as well as Jain temples dedicated to the Tirthankaras (spiritual leaders in Jainism).
   • The Jain temples are especially significant for their intricate carvings and the absence of erotic art, reflecting the more ascetic nature of Jainism.
4. The Three Major Groups of Temples:
   • Western Group: This is the largest and most well-known group, featuring temples like Kandariya Mahadev Temple, Lakshmana Temple, and Vishwanatha Temple. These temples are famous for their towering spires and detailed sculptures.
   • Eastern Group: This group includes temples such as the Parsvanatha Temple, which is dedicated to the Jain Tirthankara Parsvanatha. The Javari Temple is also part of this group.
   • Southern Group: Though smaller, the Southern Group of temples includes some lesser-known but beautifully sculpted temples.
5. UNESCO World Heritage Site:
   • In 1986, the Khajuraho Group of Monuments was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its universal cultural and architectural value. The temples are an important symbol of Indias rich historical and religious heritage.
6. Cultural and Historical Significance:
   • The temples reflect the cultural, religious, and artistic achievements of the Chandela dynasty, which ruled over central India during the medieval period. The temples serve as an important testimony to the advanced engineering and artistic skills of the time.
   • The sculptures and carvings provide insights into the social, cultural, and religious life of the people during that era.

Prominent Temples:

• Kandariya Mahadev Temple: This is one of the most famous and grandest temples in Khajuraho, dedicated to Shiva. It features detailed carvings and a large central spire, symbolizing Mount Meru (the axis of the universe in Hindu cosmology).
• Lakshmana Temple: Dedicated to Vishnu, this temple is known for its finely detailed carvings that depict scenes from Hindu mythology, including the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
• Vishwanatha Temple: Dedicated to Shiva, this temple is known for its graceful spires and intricate carvings.
• Chausath Yogini Temple: This temple is dedicated to Shakti (the divine feminine) and is notable for its open-air structure, with 64 shrines surrounding a central sanctuary.
• Parsvanatha Temple: A key Jain temple, dedicated to the Jain Tirthankara Parsvanatha, known for its exquisite carvings and peaceful ambiance.

The Khajuraho Temples have a fascinating and rich history, rooted in the Chandela dynasty of central India. These temples, known for their stunning architecture and intricate sculptures, were built over a period of time, primarily between the 9th and 12th centuries AD. Heres an overview of their history:

1. Chandela Dynasty (9th - 13th Century)

• The Chandela dynasty ruled over the region of Bundelkhand (central India) from around the 9th century until the early 13th century. The rulers of the Chandela dynasty were known for their military prowess, but they also patronized art, culture, and religion.
• The construction of the Khajuraho temples began during the reign of King Yasovarman (c. 900 AD) and continued under his successors. The most significant period of temple construction, however, took place under Vijayapala and Dhanga (c. 1000–1050 AD), who commissioned the largest and most intricate temples.
• The temples were primarily constructed to honor Hindu gods, especially Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahma, but later, Jain temples were also built, reflecting the religious diversity of the region.

2. Cultural and Religious Significance

• The temples were built to serve as places of worship, as well as symbols of the Chandela rulers power and religious devotion. The elaborate and erotic sculptures on the temples are often interpreted as symbolic of life, fertility, and the union of the divine and the earthly realms.
• The art and architecture were influenced by the prevailing Hindu beliefs, with many temples dedicated to Shiva, who was considered the god of creation, destruction, and regeneration. The temples also feature Vishnu and Jain temples, demonstrating the regions cultural and religious diversity.

3. Decline and Abandonment

• After the decline of the Chandela dynasty around the 12th century due to internal conflicts and invasions, especially by the Delhi Sultanate (Muslim rulers), many of the Khajuraho temples were abandoned.
• As a result of the regions shift in power, the temples went into neglect and seclusion, and were partially lost to history. The grandeur of the temples remained hidden from the outside world for several centuries.

4. Rediscovery by the British

• The temples remained largely forgotten by the general public until the British colonial period in the 19th century. In 1838, a British surveyor named T.S. Burt rediscovered the temples, bringing them to the attention of the Western world.
• The British interest led to the temples being documented and eventually becoming a site of historical and cultural importance.

5. UNESCO World Heritage Site

• In 1986, the Khajuraho Group of Monuments was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to their historical, architectural, and cultural significance. This designation helped draw international attention to the temples and further preserved their legacy as a symbol of Indias rich history.

6. Preservation and Modern Day

• Since their rediscovery, the Khajuraho temples have been preserved and maintained by various Indian authorities, with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) playing a key role in their upkeep.
• Today, the temples are an important tourist destination and a site of spiritual reverence, attracting visitors from around the world who are fascinated by their unique architecture and symbolic carvings.

Best Time to Visit Khajuraho Temples:

The best time to visit the Khajuraho Temples is during the winter season, from October to March, when the weather is cooler and more comfortable for sightseeing.

• Winter (October to March): The temperatures range from 10°C to 25°C, making it the most ideal time to explore the temples and enjoy outdoor activities.
• Monsoon (June to September): The area experiences moderate to heavy rainfall, and while the landscape may look lush, it can be a bit humid and inconvenient for sightseeing.
• Summer (April to June): The temperatures can soar above 40°C, making it less comfortable for outdoor activities.

Things to Do at Khajuraho Temples:

1. Explore the Temples:
   • Spend time exploring the three major groups of temples: the Western Group, Eastern Group, and Southern Group.
   • The Western Group is the most famous, home to some of the grandest temples, like the Kandariya Mahadev Temple and Lakshmana Temple.
2. Admire the Erotic Sculptures:
   • The Khajuraho temples are famous for their erotic sculptures. Take time to explore the various carvings and understand the symbolism behind them, which represent themes of life, love, and fertility.
3. Visit the Jain Temples:
   • The Jain temples in Khajuraho, such as the Parsvanatha Temple, offer a more peaceful and serene experience. Their detailed carvings are an excellent example of Jain art and architecture.
4. Photography:
   • The temples, with their intricate carvings, grand architecture, and surrounding landscapes, offer great opportunities for photography. Early mornings or late afternoons provide the best light for capturing the beauty of the temples.
5. Light and Sound Show:
   • In the evenings, you can watch the light and sound show at the temples, which narrates the history and significance of the Khajuraho temples. Its a fascinating way to learn about the temples history and the Chandela dynasty.
6. Attend the Khajuraho Dance Festival:
   • If visiting in February or March, you can attend the Khajuraho Dance Festival. This annual event brings classical dance performances to the temple complex, showcasing traditional Indian dance forms like Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, and more.
7. Visit the Archaeological Museum:
   • The Khajuraho Archaeological Museum is located near the Western Group of temples and showcases artifacts and sculptures from the temples, providing insight into the history and culture of the region.

Attractions near Khajuraho Temples:

1. Raneh Falls:
   • Located about 20 km from Khajuraho, Raneh Falls is a beautiful natural site known for its granite canyon and waterfalls. Its a great spot for nature lovers and photographers.
2. Panna National Park:
   • Situated around 30 km from Khajuraho, the Panna National Park is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, leopards, and crocodiles. You can take a safari and explore the parks diverse flora and fauna.
3. Benisagar Lake:
   • This serene lake is a good spot for boating and picnics, and its located near the temples. It offers a peaceful environment to relax after exploring the temples.
4. Pachmarhi:
   • Though a bit farther away, Pachmarhi is a beautiful hill station in Madhya Pradesh that offers scenic views and a cooler climate. Its perfect for trekking, wildlife viewing, and exploring ancient caves.
5. Kandariya Mahadev Temple:
   • Located within the Western Group, the Kandariya Mahadev Temple is one of the most iconic and largest temples in Khajuraho, dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is famous for its intricate sculptures and architectural beauty.
6. Lakshmana Temple:
   • Another major temple in the Western Group, dedicated to Lord Vishnu, known for its grandeur and detailed carvings.

Photography at Khajuraho Temples:

• Photography Allowed: Yes, photography is allowed in most areas of the temples, but the use of a tripod may be restricted in some parts, especially during cultural events. Always check the guidelines at the temple complex.
• Best Time for Photography: Early mornings and late afternoons offer the best natural light to capture the intricate carvings and majestic temple architecture.
• Tips for Photography:
  • Respect the sacred nature of the temples, especially in areas where people are praying.
  • Try to avoid using flash photography as it can damage the ancient carvings.
  • The erotic sculptures are a popular subject for photography; be mindful of the perspectives to get the best shots.
  • Wide-angle lenses are great for capturing the temples architecture and sculptures in detail.

Entry Fee at Khajuraho Temples:

• Entry Fee for the Khajuraho Temple Complex:
  • Indian Nationals: ?40 per person for the Western Group of Temples.
  • Foreign Nationals: ?600 per person for the Western Group of Temples.
• Other Fees:
  • Entry to the Archaeological Museum is separate and generally costs around ?10 for Indian visitors and ?250 for foreign nationals.
  • There is usually a separate fee for the light and sound show, which may cost around ?100-?200 depending on the time of the year.

Safety Tips for Visiting Khajuraho Temples:

1. Be Respectful: These temples are sacred places, so dress modestly and behave respectfully. Avoid loud conversations or any inappropriate conduct.
2. Weather Preparedness:
   • During Summer: Khajuraho can get extremely hot, especially between April and June, with temperatures reaching above 40°C. Wear light clothing, carry water, and apply sunscreen.
   • During Monsoon: Avoid visiting during heavy rains (June–September), as the area may become slippery and uncomfortable.
3. Stay Hydrated: Carry a water bottle to stay hydrated, especially during the warmer months.
4. Security:
   • Be cautious of pickpockets and vendors around the temples.
   • Do not leave your belongings unattended.
5. Watch Your Step: The temples and surrounding areas can have uneven surfaces and steps. Wear comfortable shoes with good grip to avoid slipping.
6. Photography Restrictions: Some parts of the temple complex, such as the inner sanctum or near religious ceremonies, might have specific restrictions on photography. Always seek permission if unsure.
7. Avoid Flash Photography: Flash can damage the delicate sculptures and carvings. Always turn off your cameras flash.

Famous Food at Khajuraho Temples and Surrounding Area:

Khajuraho is not just known for its historical temples, but also for its local cuisine. While the temples themselves dont offer food, there are plenty of restaurants and food stalls around the town where you can try authentic regional dishes. Some of the famous foods include:

1. Poha:
   • A traditional breakfast dish made with flattened rice, mustard seeds, peas, and a mix of spices. Its light, nutritious, and commonly eaten by locals.
2. Samosa:
   • Deep-fried pastry filled with spiced potatoes or peas. Samosas are available in street food stalls and are a must-try snack.
3. Chana Chaat:
   • A popular street snack made from boiled chickpeas, spiced with lemon, chilies, and various seasonings. Its tangy, spicy, and refreshing.
4. Dal Baati Churma:
   • A traditional Rajasthani dish, which is a combination of dal (lentils), baati (wheat bread), and churma (sweet dish). The baatis are crispy and served with dal and chutneys.
5. Madhya Pradesh Special Thali:
   • A traditional thali (plate) featuring an assortment of local dishes such as bhutte ka kees (corn dish), aloo ka paratha (potato-stuffed flatbread), and kadhi (yogurt-based curry).
6. Mango Pulp:
   • The region is famous for its mangoes, especially during the summer months. Try fresh mango pulp or mango shakes in the local markets.
7. Paneer Tikka:
   • A popular vegetarian dish made from paneer (cottage cheese) marinated in yogurt and spices, then grilled or roasted. Its a great choice for snacks or appetizers.
8. Chhattisgarhi Cuisine:
   • The region also offers unique dishes from Chhattisgarh, such as Chana Samosa, Rice Khichdi, and Sura (a kind of rice-based drink).