Lonar Lake History, Hidden Gems, Best Time to Visit and Photography

Lonar Lake, also known as Lonar Crater or Lonar Sarovar, is a unique geological wonder located in the Buldhana district of Maharashtra, India. It was created about 52,000 ± 6,000 years ago by the impact of a high-velocity meteorite, making it one of only four known hyper-velocity impact craters in basaltic rock anywhere in the world.

Here are key aspects of Lonar Lake:

1. Crater Formation:

• The lake was formed due to a meteorite impact, and it is roughly 1.8 kilometers in diameter and about 150 meters deep.
• It is an oval-shaped depression in basaltic rock, which is part of the Deccan Traps. This makes it geologically significant as the basalt rock is around 65 million years old.

2. Saline and Alkaline Waters:

• The lake is both saline and alkaline, with two distinct water levels—an outer and an inner part.
• Its alkaline content supports unique microbial life, and the high salt concentration prevents most typical aquatic life from surviving in it.

3. Ecology and Biodiversity:

• The crater ecosystem supports a variety of plants and animals, including migratory birds like flamingos and various species of lizards and snakes.
• Surrounding the lake is a semi-evergreen forest that contributes to the rich biodiversity of the area.

4. Cultural and Historical Significance:

• The region around Lonar Lake is rich with ancient temples, such as the Daitya Sudan Temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu, which dates back to the Chalukya dynasty.
• Several other temples, both active and in ruins, can be found around the lake, adding cultural depth to its scientific allure.

5. Tourism:

• Lonar Lake is a popular destination for nature enthusiasts, geologists, and tourists due to its rarity, scenic beauty, and scientific importance.
• There are trekking opportunities around the crater, offering panoramic views of the lake and surrounding forest.

This site is protected under the Lonar Wildlife Sanctuary, highlighting its environmental importance as well as its status as a natural heritage site in India.

The history of Lonar Lake is a fascinating blend of geological phenomena, ancient mythologies, and historical significance. Here is an overview of its formation, its presence in ancient texts, and its historical context:

1. Geological Formation (52,000 ± 6,000 Years Ago):

• Lonar Lake was formed when a meteorite struck the Earth surface in the region now known as Buldhana district in Maharashtra, India.
• The impact created a large crater in the Deccan Plateau basaltic rock, one of the few places in the world where such a structure exists in basalt rather than sedimentary rock. The event caused an explosion that left a crater around 1.8 km in diameter and 150 meters deep.
• The basaltic rock around the crater is dated back to the Cretaceous Period, about 65 million years ago, but the lake impact event is much more recent in geological terms.

2. Presence in Ancient Texts:

• Lonar Lake is mentioned in several ancient Indian texts and mythological stories. It is referred to in the Skanda Purana, the Padma Purana, and the Ain-i-Akbari.
• According to Hindu mythology, the lake is associated with the demon Lonasura (also called Lavanasura), who was slain by Lord Vishnu. After the demon death, the lake is believed to have formed in the impact zone.
• Some stories also connect the crater to episodes in the Ramayana and Mahabharata, adding mythological importance to the site.

3. Historical Significance:

• The region around the lake was significant during the time of several ancient Indian dynasties. It was an important area during the rule of the Chalukya dynasty (6th to 12th centuries CE).
• The Daitya Sudan Temple, which stands near the lake, is believed to have been constructed by the Chalukyas and is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. The temple intricate carvings and architecture indicate a flourishing cultural and religious life in the area.
• During the reign of the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire, Lonar was mentioned in administrative records like the Ain-i-Akbari (a document from Akbar reign). This shows that the site was of considerable importance even during medieval times.

4. Scientific Discovery and Modern Studies:

• In 1823, the British officer J.E. Alexander was one of the first to study the lake in detail, bringing it to the attention of the scientific community.
• Since then, Lonar Lake has been extensively studied by geologists and researchers from around the world. In the 20th and 21st centuries, it became an important location for the study of impact craters, especially because it is one of the few craters formed in basalt rock.
• The lake has attracted numerous studies on microbial life, water chemistry, and its unique ecosystem.

5. Conservation and Modern Tourism:

• In recent years, Lonar Lake has been recognized not only for its scientific and historical significance but also as an important ecological site.
• It was declared a protected area under the Lonar Wildlife Sanctuary, which aims to preserve its flora and fauna as well as its geological significance.

Thus, Lonar Lake has a rich history that intertwines natural wonder with mythology and ancient Indian heritage, making it a site of both scientific and cultural importance.

Best Time to Visit Lonar Lake:

• October to March: This is the best time to visit Lonar Lake, as the weather is pleasant with mild temperatures, making it ideal for sightseeing and exploring the area.
  • Winter: The temperature ranges between 12°C to 25°C, which is comfortable for outdoor activities and exploring the crater and its surroundings.
  • Monsoon (July to September): Though the area becomes lush and green during the monsoon, the trails can be slippery and less ideal for trekking.
  • Avoid Summer (April to June): Summers can be extremely hot, with temperatures rising above 40°C, making it uncomfortable for outdoor activities.

Things to Do at Lonar Lake:

1. Explore the Crater:
   • The main attraction is the Lonar Crater Lake itself. You can hike around the rim of the crater or trek down to the lake to observe its unique saline and alkaline water.
   • The crater offers scenic views, especially at sunrise and sunset, making it a perfect spot for photography and nature walks.
2. Bird Watching:
   • Lonar Lake is a haven for birdwatchers, especially during the winter months. You can spot a variety of birds, including migratory species like flamingos, peafowls, and other waterfowl that visit the lake.
   • The surrounding forest is also home to several species of animals, such as deer, lizards, and small mammals.
3. Trekking and Nature Walks:
   • Trekking around the crater is a popular activity, offering panoramic views of the lake and the forested surroundings.
   • There are several trails that take you through the forest and down to the lake, allowing you to enjoy the local flora and fauna.
4. Visit Ancient Temples:
   • The area around Lonar Lake is dotted with several ancient temples, many of which date back to the Chalukya and Yadava periods. These temples are not only important religious sites but also architectural marvels.
     • Daitya Sudan Temple: The most famous temple near Lonar Lake, dedicated to Lord Vishnu. It has intricate carvings and sculptures, and its architecture reflects the style of the Chalukya dynasty.
     • Gomukh Temple: Located near a perennial stream, it offers a serene environment for visitors.
     • Kamalja Devi Temple: Situated near the lake, this temple is dedicated to Goddess Kamalja and is a popular stop for visitors exploring the lake perimeter.
5. Learn About the Scientific and Mythological History:
   • The region history is a fascinating blend of geology and mythology. Guides or informational boards will help you understand the unique formation of the lake and the legends associated with it, particularly the story of Lonasura, the demon who was slain by Lord Vishnu.
   • The lake is also a subject of ongoing scientific research, especially regarding its unique saline and alkaline water and its unusual ecosystem.
6. Visit Lonar Interpretation Center:
   • The Lonar Interpretation Center provides detailed information about the lake formation, its ecology, and the scientific studies conducted here. This is a great place to start your visit if you want to learn more about the geological significance of Lonar Crater.
7. Photography:
   • The lake surreal landscape, with its unusual green water and surrounding forest, makes it a photographer paradise.
   • Capture stunning sunrise and sunset views or focus on the wildlife and ancient temples.

Main Attractions Around Lonar Lake:

1. Lonar Crater and Lake:
   • The lake itself, with its saline and alkaline waters, is the primary attraction. The oval-shaped crater surrounded by basaltic rock formations is a unique sight to behold.
2. Daitya Sudan Temple:
   • This ancient temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and features stunning architecture from the Chalukya period. It is one of the finest examples of ancient Indian temple architecture and is believed to commemorate the slaying of the demon Lonasura.
3. Gomukh Temple:
   • Located near a natural spring, the Gomukh Temple is another popular attraction. Pilgrims come here to bathe in the spring water, which is considered sacred.
4. Kamalja Devi Temple:
   • Situated on the banks of the lake, this temple is dedicated to Goddess Kamalja, and it is often visited by devotees and tourists for its peaceful ambiance.
5. Mhaismal Hill Station (nearby):
   • If you want to extend your trip, you can visit Mhaismal Hill Station, located a few hours from Lonar. It offers picturesque views, cool weather, and a relaxing atmosphere.

Travel Tips:

• Guides: Local guides are available to provide insights into the geological and cultural significance of the lake. They can enhance your experience by explaining the scientific facts and myths associated with the site.
• Trekking: Wear comfortable shoes if you plan to trek around the crater. Carry water and snacks as there may not be many options near the lake.
• Conservation: Lonar Lake is a protected area, so be mindful of the environment. Avoid littering and respect the local wildlife.

Lonar Lake is an exceptional travel destination offering a mix of natural beauty, adventure, and historical significance.

Adventure Activities

1. Trekking:
   • Trail around the Lake: There are several trekking routes around the lake, offering beautiful views and a chance to explore the areas flora and fauna.
   • Nearby Hills: The hills surrounding the lake provide excellent opportunities for trekking, with varying levels of difficulty.
2. Bird Watching:
   • The lake is home to various migratory birds, especially in winter. Bring binoculars for an enjoyable experience.
3. Photography:
   • Capture stunning sunrise and sunset views over the lake. The unique colors of the water and surrounding landscape provide excellent photo opportunities.
4. Cultural Tours:
   • Explore the ancient temples nearby, including the Gomukh Temple and Daitya Sudan Temple, which showcase intricate carvings and architecture.

Budget

• Transportation:
  • Public Transport: Buses and shared taxis from nearby towns like Aurangabad can be economical.
  • Private Vehicles: Renting a car or hiring a taxi can be more comfortable but might be pricier.
• Food:
  • Budget around ?200-500 per meal depending on your choice of restaurants.
• Activities:
  • Most natural attractions are free; however, temple entrances might have small fees.

Packing Items

1. Clothing:
   • Comfortable trekking shoes.
   • Light, breathable clothing for daytime; warmer clothes for evenings.
2. Essentials:
   • Sunscreen, sunglasses, and hats for sun protection.
   • Water bottles to stay hydrated during activities.
3. Photography Gear:
   • Cameras/binoculars for bird watching.
   • Extra batteries and memory cards.
4. First Aid Kit:
   • Include basic medicines, band-aids, and any personal medications.

Hidden Gems

• Ancient Temples:
  • Visit lesser-known temples like Aaditya Mandir, which are often less crowded.
• Caves:
  • Explore the nearby Ajanta and Ellora Caves if time permits, as they are relatively close and showcase stunning ancient artistry.

Photography Tips:

1. Golden Hours:
   • Sunrise and Sunset offer stunning views with soft lighting that enhances the lake surreal landscape. The reflection of the sun on the lake surface makes for great photography.
2. Wildlife Photography:
   • Lonar Lake is home to various birds, including flamingos, peafowls, and other migratory species. Bring a telephoto lens if you are interested in bird photography.
   • Early morning or late afternoon are the best times to capture wildlife.
3. Crater and Aerial Shots:
   • If you have a drone, you can capture the entire crater from an aerial view, giving a unique perspective of the site scale and beauty.
4. Temple Architecture:
   • The Daitya Sudan Temple and other temples around the lake are great for capturing intricate details of ancient Indian architecture.
   • Look for interesting angles and perspectives to highlight the carvings and structural beauty.
5. Landscape Photography:
   • The green waters of the lake set against the dry, rugged landscape make for contrasting and visually appealing landscape photos.

Safety Rules:

1. Trekking Safety:
   • When trekking around the crater, wear sturdy shoes with good grip, especially if visiting during the monsoon season when trails can be slippery.
   • Stay on marked trails and avoid venturing too close to the edge of the crater for safety reasons.
2. Hydration and Sun Protection:
   • Carry enough water, especially during the hotter months. Wear sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses to protect against the sun rays.
   • Avoid trekking or walking during peak afternoon heat, especially in summer.
3. Wildlife Awareness:
   • While exploring the lake area, be mindful of the wildlife. Do not approach animals and avoid making loud noises that may disturb the environment.
   • Avoid feeding animals or birds around the lake.
4. Eco-Friendly Practices:
   • Do not litter. Lonar Lake is a protected area, so ensure you carry your trash with you or dispose of it properly in designated areas.
   • Avoid disturbing the unique ecological balance of the lake and its surroundings.
5. Water Safety:
   • Swimming is not allowed in the lake due to the water high salinity and alkalinity. The water can be dangerous for human contact.

Famous Food in Lonar and Nearby:

1. Local Maharashtrian Cuisine:
   • Bhakri (millet flatbread) with Zunka (a spicy dish made from gram flour) is a common local dish.
   • Pithla Bhakri (gram flour curry with flatbread) is another local favorite.
   • Vada Pav: A popular street food dish made of spicy mashed potatoes coated in chickpea flour and deep-fried, served in a bun.
2. Misal Pav:
   • This is a famous Maharashtrian dish made with a spicy curry of sprouted lentils, topped with crunchy farsan (fried savory mixture), and served with pav (bread rolls).
3. Poha:
   • A light and flavorful breakfast dish made from flattened rice, seasoned with mustard seeds, curry leaves, turmeric, and green chilies.
4. Sweet Dishes:
   • Puran Poli (sweet flatbread stuffed with lentils and jaggery) and Shrikhand (a sweet yogurt dish) are popular desserts in the region.

Entry Fees:

• Entry Fees: Currently, there is no entry fee to visit Lonar Lake itself. However, this may vary for certain protected areas or temples around the lake. It is advisable to check locally for any updated charges.