Agra Fort History, Hidden Gems, Best Time to Visit and Photography

Agra Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a massive red sandstone fortress located on the banks of the Yamuna River in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Built by Emperor Akbar between 1565 and 1573, it served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors until 1638.

Key Features of Agra Fort:

1. Massive Walls and Gates: The fort outer walls, made of red sandstone, stretch for about 2.5 kilometers and stand over 20 meters high. There are two main gates: the Delhi Gate, used by the Mughal army, and the Lahore Gate, also known as the Amar Singh Gate, which serves as the fort main entrance today.
2. Diwan-i-Am (Hall of Public Audience): This hall was where the emperor would meet the general public and listen to their grievances. It is an open space supported by many pillars and features a marble platform where the emperor throne would be placed.
3. Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience): A smaller, more intimate hall where the emperor met with important dignitaries and nobles. It is richly decorated with intricate carvings and inlay work.
4. Sheesh Mahal (Palace of Mirrors): A luxurious palace adorned with small mirrors set into the walls. The Sheesh Mahal was used as a private dressing room by the Mughal emperors.
5. Khas Mahal: The emperor private palace, made of white marble and adorned with delicate carvings, inlay work, and intricate detailing.
6. Musamman Burj: A beautiful octagonal tower with a balcony that offers stunning views of the Taj Mahal. This is where Emperor Shah Jahan was imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb during the last years of his life.
7. Anguri Bagh: A garden area within the fort, known for its symmetrical design and lush greenery. It was used as a private area for the royal family to relax.
8. Nagina Masjid: A small, elegant mosque built for the women of the royal family. It is known for its simplicity and purity of design.
9. Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque): A stunning white marble mosque built by Shah Jahan, known for its purity and beauty, resembling a pearl.

Agra Fort is not just a military fortification but also a splendid example of Mughal architecture, blending Islamic, Persian, and Indian styles. Its grand palaces, mosques, and audience halls reflect the opulence of the Mughal era.

Agra Fort, also known as the Red Fort of Agra, has a rich history that spans several centuries and is deeply intertwined with the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire in India. Here is a detailed look at its historical background:

Early History and Pre-Mughal Era

• Foundation and Early Use: The site where Agra Fort stands today has been occupied since ancient times, with references to a fort existing there as early as the 11th century. However, the original structure was likely a brick fort known as Badalgarh, built by a local Rajput chieftain.
• Lodi Dynasty: Before the Mughal period, the fort was under the control of the Lodi dynasty. Sikandar Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi, made Agra his capital in 1504 and lived in the fort until his death in 1517.

Mughal Era

• Capture by Babur (1526): In 1526, the first Mughal emperor, Babur, defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the Battle of Panipat, capturing Agra and taking control of the fort. Babur made some modifications and used it as a base for further conquests.
• Akbar Reconstruction (1565-1573): The most significant period in the history of Agra Fort began with Emperor Akbar, who recognized the strategic importance of the site. Between 1565 and 1573, Akbar rebuilt the fort using red sandstone, transforming it into a grand military and royal complex. He established Agra as the capital of the Mughal Empire, and the fort became the residence of the Mughal rulers.
• Jahangir and Shah Jahan: Akbars successors, Jahangir and Shah Jahan, made additional contributions to the fort. Jahangir added beautiful gardens and other structures, while Shah Jahan, known for his love of white marble, added several stunning buildings, including the Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) and the Khas Mahal.
• Shah Jahan Imprisonment (1658-1666): Shah Jahan, who commissioned the Taj Mahal, was deposed by his son Aurangzeb in 1658. Aurangzeb imprisoned Shah Jahan in the Musamman Burj, a tower within the fort, where he spent the last years of his life. From this tower, Shah Jahan had a view of the Taj Mahal, the mausoleum of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.

Post-Mughal Period

• Decline of the Mughal Empire: After Aurangzeb death, the Mughal Empire began to decline, and Agra Fort importance diminished. It changed hands several times as different powers vied for control of India.
• Maratha and British Control: In the 18th century, the fort came under the control of the Marathas. It was later captured by the British during the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1803. The British used Agra Fort as a military garrison and made some modifications to the structure.

Modern Era

• UNESCO World Heritage Site: In 1983, Agra Fort was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its historical significance and architectural grandeur. It remains one of India most visited tourist attractions, symbolizing the power and glory of the Mughal Empire.
• Preservation and Tourism: Today, Agra Fort is maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India and is a major tourist destination. Efforts are ongoing to preserve the fort many structures, which continue to captivate visitors with their beauty and historical importance.

Agra Fort stands as a testament to the grandeur of the Mughal Empire, showcasing the architectural brilliance and rich history of one of India most powerful dynasties.

Best Time to Visit Agra Fort

• October to March: The best time to visit Agra Fort is during the cooler months from October to March. The weather is pleasant, making it ideal for exploring the fort and other attractions in Agra. During this time, temperatures range from 8°C to 25°C (46°F to 77°F), which is comfortable for sightseeing.
• Avoid Summers (April to June): Summers in Agra are extremely hot, with temperatures soaring above 40°C (104°F). It can be uncomfortable for outdoor activities, especially exploring large complexes like Agra Fort.
• Monsoon Season (July to September): While the monsoon season brings some relief from the heat, it also comes with heavy rainfall, which can make sightseeing difficult. However, the fort and the surrounding areas become lush and green, offering a different kind of charm.

Things to Do at Agra Fort

1. Explore the Architectural Marvels: Wander through the fort and marvel at the stunning architecture. The intricate carvings, grand palaces, and impressive gates reflect the grandeur of Mughal design.
2. Visit the Audience Halls: Check out the Diwan-i-Am (Hall of Public Audience) and Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), where the Mughal emperors met with the public and dignitaries. The halls are known for their elaborate designs and historical significance.
3. Enjoy the Views of the Taj Mahal: From the Musamman Burj or the Khas Mahal, enjoy the breathtaking views of the Taj Mahal in the distance. This view is particularly poignant, as it is where Shah Jahan spent his final years gazing at the tomb of his beloved wife.
4. Stroll Through the Gardens: Spend some time in the Anguri Bagh, a garden area within the fort. The symmetrical design and serene environment provide a peaceful retreat from the bustling city.
5. Visit the Museums: Agra Fort houses small museums that exhibit various artifacts from the Mughal era, including weapons, paintings, and manuscripts. These provide insight into the daily life and culture of the Mughal emperors.
6. Photography: Agra Fort is a photographer paradise, with its intricate details, expansive courtyards, and stunning views. Capture the beauty of Mughal architecture, the play of light and shadow, and the panoramic vistas.
7. Learn the History: Consider hiring a local guide or using an audio guide to delve deeper into the fort rich history. Understanding the stories behind each structure can greatly enhance your visit.

Major Attractions at Agra Fort

1. Amar Singh Gate (Lahore Gate): The main entrance to the fort today, this gate is a fine example of Mughal architecture. It features a drawbridge and is heavily fortified, reflecting its military significance.
2. Jahangir Palace: Built by Akbar for his son Jahangir, this palace is one of the largest private residences within the fort. It showcases a blend of Hindu and Central Asian architectural styles.
3. Khas Mahal: A white marble palace built by Shah Jahan, this structure served as his private residence. It features beautiful pavilions and offers views of the Yamuna River and the Taj Mahal.
4. Musamman Burj: An octagonal tower with a balcony that offers stunning views of the Taj Mahal. It is also where Shah Jahan was imprisoned by his son Aurangzeb.
5. Diwan-i-Am (Hall of Public Audience): This hall, used by the emperor to meet the general public, is an impressive structure with a large courtyard and numerous pillars.
6. Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience): A more intimate hall where the emperor met with dignitaries, it is known for its elaborate decorations and the use of white marble.
7. Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque): A beautiful mosque made of white marble, built by Shah Jahan. It is known for its purity and simplicity, resembling a pearl.
8. Sheesh Mahal (Palace of Mirrors): This palace, adorned with small mirrors, was used as a dressing room by the Mughal emperors. The reflective surfaces create a dazzling effect when lit.
9. Anguri Bagh: A Mughal garden within the fort, known for its symmetrical layout and lush greenery. It was used by the royal family for relaxation and leisure.
10. Nagina Masjid: A small, elegant mosque built for the women of the royal family. It is known for its understated beauty and purity of design.

Nearby Attractions

• Taj Mahal: Just a short distance from Agra Fort, the Taj Mahal is the most famous monument in India. Visit to see the stunning white marble mausoleum built by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
• Itimad-ud-Daulah Tomb: Often called the Baby Taj, this tomb is another fine example of Mughal architecture and is located a few kilometers from Agra Fort.
• Mehtab Bagh: Located across the Yamuna River from the Taj Mahal, this garden offers a unique view of the Taj, especially at sunset.

Visiting Agra Fort is a journey into the rich history and architectural splendor of the Mughal Empire, making it a must-see for anyone exploring Agra.

Adventures

1. Fort Exploration: Explore the vast fort complex, including the Moti Masjid, Diwan-i-Khas, Diwan-i-Aam, and Jahangirs Palace.
2. Photography: Capture stunning views of the forts architecture and the picturesque backdrop of the Taj Mahal.
3. Heritage Walks: Join guided tours or heritage walks that delve into the history and stories of the fort.
4. Sound and Light Show: Attend the evening sound and light show that narrates the forts history through a captivating audio-visual experience.

Budget

• Entry Fee:
  • Indian Nationals: ?50
  • Foreign Nationals: ?600
• Camera Fee: ?25 for still cameras; additional fees may apply for professional equipment.
• Guided Tours: Hiring a local guide can cost between ?300 and ?1,000, depending on the duration and depth of the tour.
• Sound and Light Show: Approximately ?100 for adults and ?50 for children.

Packing Items

• Comfortable Footwear: Wear comfortable shoes for walking, as the fort covers a large area.
• Light Clothing: Dress in breathable fabrics, especially during the summer months.
• Water Bottle: Stay hydrated while exploring the fort.
• Sunscreen & Hat: Protect yourself from the sun, particularly during the day.
• Camera: Essential for capturing the forts beauty and intricate details.
• Portable Charger: Keep your devices charged for photos and navigation.
• First Aid Kit: Bring basic supplies for minor injuries or discomfort.

Hidden Gems

1. Moti Masjid: An exquisite white marble mosque inside the fort, often overlooked by visitors.
2. Jahangirs Palace: A beautiful palace with stunning architecture and historical significance.
3. Akbars Tomb: Located nearby, this lesser-known site is a serene place with beautiful gardens and tomb architecture.

Photography at Agra Fort

• Best Spots for Photography:
  • Musamman Burj: Capture stunning views of the Taj Mahal from this octagonal tower.
  • Diwan-i-Am and Diwan-i-Khas: The intricate architecture and detailed carvings make these halls perfect for photography.
  • Jahangir Palace: This palace offers a blend of different architectural styles, ideal for wide-angle shots.
  • Anguri Bagh: The symmetrical gardens and lush greenery provide a peaceful backdrop for photos.
  • Sheesh Mahal: Though the interior may be dimly lit, the mirrors can create unique light effects in your photos.
• Photography Tips:
  • Lighting: Early morning or late afternoon provides the best natural lighting for capturing the fort architecture.
  • Equipment: A wide-angle lens is useful for capturing the expansive courtyards and large structures. A tripod can be helpful for steady shots, especially in lower light conditions.
  • Permissions: While photography is generally allowed, certain areas might have restrictions, especially where there are delicate artifacts or in the interior spaces of some buildings.

Safety Rules at Agra Fort

• General Safety:
  • Stay on Marked Paths: Stick to the designated pathways to avoid accidents, as some areas may be uneven or have steep drops.
  • Avoid Climbing: Do not climb on walls or structures not meant for public access.
  • Mind Your Belongings: As with any crowded tourist spot, be mindful of your belongings to avoid pickpocketing.
  • Follow Instructions: Pay attention to signs and instructions from security personnel, especially in restricted areas.
• Cultural Respect:
  • Respect Religious Sites: Some areas within the fort, like the Moti Masjid, are religious sites. Dress modestly and behave respectfully.
  • Avoid Littering: Keep the fort clean by disposing of trash in designated bins.

Entry Fees for Agra Fort (as of 2024)

• Indian Citizens: ?50 per person.
• Foreign Tourists: ?650 per person.
• Children (up to 15 years): Free entry.

Note: Entry fees may be subject to change, and there might be additional charges for carrying a camera or video equipment.

Famous Food in Agra

• Petha: A traditional sweet made from ash gourd, often flavored with saffron, rosewater, or other ingredients. Available in various types, such as Kesar Petha and Angoori Petha.
• Mughlai Cuisine: Agra is known for its rich Mughlai food, with dishes like Tandoori Chicken, Butter Chicken, and Mutton Korma being popular choices.
• Bedai and Jalebi: A classic breakfast combination in Agra. Bedai is a type of fried bread served with spicy potato curry, often paired with sweet, sticky jalebi.
• Dalmoth: A savory snack made of fried lentils, nuts, and spices. It is a popular take-home snack from Agra.
• Paratha: Agra is famous for its stuffed parathas, served with curd, pickles, and chutneys.

Restaurants

Vegan/Vegetarian Restaurants

1. Shankara Vegis: A popular vegetarian restaurant offering North Indian and South Indian dishes.
   • Must Try: Thali, Dosa, and Paneer Butter Masala.
2. Pure Veg Restaurant: Offers a variety of vegetarian dishes in a cozy setting.
   • Must Try: Veg Biryani, Aloo Gobi, and various Indian breads.

Non-Vegetarian Restaurants

1. Pind Balluchi: Known for its authentic North Indian and Mughlai cuisine.
   • Must Try: Butter Chicken, Biryani, and Tandoori items.
2. Zayka: Offers a mix of North Indian and Mughlai dishes with a comfortable ambiance.
   • Must Try: Chicken Biryani and Mutton Rogan Josh.